Last updated: 2026-09-22
We use disposable Windows 11 and Windows 10 virtual machines, standard-user and administrator scenarios, test browser profiles, and non-sensitive sample files. Drive-specific statements distinguish virtual disks, HDDs, and SSD behavior.
Before each test we record the Windows build and application state. We scan without deleting, capture the categories offered, apply only the documented selections, restart when appropriate, and verify that Windows and tested applications still open.
Virtual-machine results cannot prove physical secure erasure. SSD controllers, TRIM, encryption, vendor tools, and storage firmware can change outcomes. For device disposal we defer to Microsoft and hardware-manufacturer instructions.
We prioritize Microsoft documentation, developer documentation, storage-vendor guidance, and direct observation. Guides are reviewed when Windows or PrivaZer behavior changes.